Advanced genetic testing, including Y-DNA and mtDNA haplotyping, of modern Jewish communities around the world, has helped to determine which of the communities are likely to descend from the Israelites and which are not, as well as to establish the degrees of separation between the groups. Important studies archived here include the University College London study of 2002, Ariella Oppenheim's study of 2001, Ariella Oppenheim's study of 2000, Michael Hammer's study of 2000, and others.
Key findings:
The main ethnic element of Ashkenazim (German and Eastern European Jews), Sephardim (Spanish and Portuguese Jews), Mizrakhim (Middle Eastern Jews), Juhurim (Mountain Jews of the Caucasus), Italqim (Italian Jews), and most other modern Jewish populations of the world is mostly ISRAELITE.
The Israelite haplotypes fall into Y-DNA haplogroups J and E.

Not only did the genetic researchers corroborate the oral history of an ancient Jewish priestly caste, but they also confirmed the genetic link between Sephardic, Mizrachi and Ashkenazi populations, indicating that before the two populations separated, those who shared the CMH also shared common Israelite ancestry. Today, the CMH is considered not only the standard genetic signature of the priestly Cohanim, but also the yardstick by which all Jewish DNA is compared for determination of Israelite genetic ancestry. Thus, if a haplogroup is not shared by both Sephardim and Ashkenazim at a similar frequency, then it is generally not considered to be of Israelite origin.

Skorecki and Hammer reported that the CMH occurred within Y chromosome haplogroup J (Skorecki et al. 1997). We now know significantly more about haplogroup J than when these studies were originally published. Haplogroup J consists of an ancestral form (J*) and two subgroups -- J1 and J2. Although you can have the CMH in either J1 or J2, it is the genetic signature in J1 that is considered the Jewish priestly signature.

Conclusion: Future Jewish DNA Studies

The DNA studies have revealed a high degree of genetic interrelatedness among Ashkenazi groups, particularly among those of Eastern Europe. This common ancestry can be attributed to a small founding population, coupled with rapid population growth and a high rate of endogamy over the past 500 years. The studies also indicate a sharing of genetic ancestry between eastern and western Ashkenazim, supporting the view that some portion of Eastern European Jewry was founded by western Ashkenazim.

DNA research has also revealed significant genetic links between Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jewish populations, despite their separation for generations. With the Cohanim study, researchers found a clear genetic connection between the Jewish priests and a shared Israelite ancestor from the past. Additional genetic results suggest that the Ashkenazim can trace their ancestry to their Israelite forbearers.




I know with complete conviction that the Creator, blessed be His Name, is One, and that there is no unity in any manner like His, and that He alone is our God, who was, and is, and will be.
I know with complete conviction that the Creator, blessed be His Name, is not a body, and that He is free from all the properties of matter, and that there can be no physical comparison to Him whatsoever.
I know with complete conviction that the Creator, blessed be His Name, is the first and the last.
I know with complete conviction that to the Creator, blessed be His Name, and to Him alone, it is right to pray, and that it is not right to pray to any being besides Him.
I know with complete conviction that the prophecy of Moses, our teacher, peace be upon him, was true, and that he was the chief of the prophets, both of those who preceded him and of those who followed him.
I know with complete conviction that the entire Torah that is now in our possession is the same that was given to Moses, our teacher, peace be upon him.
I know with complete conviction that this Torah will not be changed, and that there will never be any other Law from the Creator, blessed be His name.
I know with complete conviction in the coming of the real Messiah (not Jesus), the one that is prophecized by the Prophets of Israel.

Israel (all the Jews) is the son of God.
"Thus said YHWH, Israel is my son, my first born." EXODUS 4:22

Israel is the servant of God and His chosen people.
ISAIAH 52-53 speaks about Israel.

Hear O Israel, YHWH is our God, YHWH is
One.

שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל יהוה אֱלֹהֵינוּ יהוה אֶחָד

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Judaism is the oldest religious tradition still in practice today.

The God of Israel has promised the land of Israel to the people of Israel and that is according to the Torah of Israel.

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